list of network operating systems

Cambridge Ring
CSIRONET by (CSIRO)
CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
Data ONTAP by Network Appliance
SAN-OS by Cisco
EOS by McDATA
Fabric OS by Brocade
NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
NOS (developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers)
Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel).
OliOS




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list of Unix operating systems

Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant
Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further)
Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
Solaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code (code now open source via OpenSolaris project)
Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)

Open source Unix-like
Agnix (educational)
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRGs 'BSD Unix')
DesktopBSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
PC-BSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG 'BSD Unix')
OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
GNU Hurd
Linux
OpenDarwin
OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code
SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
Syllable
VSTa
GNU/Fiwix
UnixLite


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List of Windows operating systems

Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
MSX-DOS (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
Windows CE 3.0
Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
Windows CE 5.0
Microsoft Windows
Windows 1.0
Windows 2.0
Windows 3.0 (the first version to make substantial commercial impact)
Windows 3.1x
Windows 3.2 (Chinese-only release)
Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
Windows 98 Second Edition (often shortened to Windows 98 SE) (aka Windows 4.2)
Windows Millennium Edition (often shortened to Windows Me) (aka Windows 4.9, not 4.3 due to the version number)
OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
Windows NT
Windows NT 3.1
Windows NT 3.5
Windows NT 3.51
Windows NT 4.0
Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1) (codename: Whistler)
Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0) (codename: Longhorn)
Windows Server 2008 (Uses Windows NT 6.0 base)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Windows Vienna (codename)
WinPE



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List of Popular Assemblers

1. MASM --Microsoft macro assember for x86
2. TASM --Turbo assembler for x86 from Bordland
3. Sphinx C--mix of Assembly and C, allows combining Assembly commands with C-like structures
4. NASM (Netwide Assembler) - for x86, open source



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Number conversion

In this section I want to talk about how to convert between Decimal and Binary and Hexadecimal?

From Binary to Decimal.
you multiply by 2 with increasing degrees
for ex: 1000 is 2^3+0=8

From Decimal to Binary
You divide by 2 until 0 and you assemble the numbers backward
for ex: 8%2=0, 4%2=0, 2%2=0, 1%2=1 --> 1000

From Hexadecimal to Binary
You translate every character in the Hexadecimal to a 4bit binary.
Ex: AB-> 1010 1011

From Binary to Hexadecimal
You translate every 4bit from right to left and give the hexadecimal value
Ex: 11110010 -> F2



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List of important computer scientists

Paul Abraham
John R. Allen
Olimho`ja Askarov
Ivan Bratko - prolog,artificial intelligence
Tim Budd - Tiny C
Wim Ebbinkhuijsen- Cobol
Michael Fischer - Distributed systems, Cryptography
Bill Gates - Microsoft, Windows
Admiral Grace Hopper - Compilers, COBOL
Andrew Koenig - C++
Bjarne Stroustrup- C++
Barbara Liskov - Programming languages
John McCarthy - Lisp programming language, Artificial intelligence
Bertrand Meyer - Eiffel
Gordon Moore - Moore's law
Mir Mohammed Easin - Java - Bangladesh
Peter Naur - BNF, Algol 60
...
Dennis Ritchie - C, UNIX



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Popular Programming Languages

I would say that the programming languages that are most used or favored are
1. ruby
2. java
3. c++
4. c
5. visual basic
6. sql
8. php
9. c#
10. Perl


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